Pathologic fracture

Definition

A pathologic fracture is a broken bone that occurs in an area weakened by disease, rather than from an external force or trauma. This type of fracture typically results from underlying conditions such as osteoporosis, tumors, or infections that compromise bone integrity, making even normal stressors sufficient to cause a break.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Pathologic fractures can occur with minimal or no trauma, which distinguishes them from regular fractures that typically require significant force.
2. Common underlying conditions that lead to pathologic fractures include osteoporosis, tumors, and chronic infections like osteomyelitis.
3. These fractures can occur in any bone but are most frequently seen in the vertebrae, pelvis, and long bones.
4. Management of pathologic fractures often includes addressing the underlying condition, which may involve medications for osteoporosis or treatment for tumors.
5. Preventative measures for those at risk include proper nutrition, weight-bearing exercises, and monitoring bone density.

Review Questions

• How does osteoporosis contribute to the occurrence of pathologic fractures?
  • Osteoporosis leads to decreased bone density and structural integrity, making bones fragile and more susceptible to breaks even under minor stress. In individuals with osteoporosis, normal activities such as bending over or lifting light objects can result in fractures. Therefore, understanding the role of osteoporosis is crucial for preventing and managing pathologic fractures.
• What is the relationship between cancer and pathologic fractures, particularly in the context of bone metastasis?
  • Bone metastasis occurs when cancer cells spread to the bones, leading to weakened bone structure. This weakness increases the risk of pathologic fractures because the affected bones cannot withstand normal forces. Understanding this relationship is essential for healthcare providers when assessing fracture risks in cancer patients and tailoring their treatment plans accordingly.
• Evaluate the impact of chronic infections like osteomyelitis on bone health and their role in pathologic fractures.
  • Chronic infections such as osteomyelitis can severely compromise bone health by causing inflammation and destruction of bone tissue. This degradation weakens the structural integrity of the affected bones, making them more vulnerable to pathologic fractures. Evaluating the implications of these infections is vital in managing patients at risk for fractures and ensuring comprehensive care strategies are implemented.

Related terms

Osteoporosis: A condition characterized by weakened bones that are more susceptible to fractures, often due to a decrease in bone density.

Bone Metastasis: The spread of cancer cells to the bone, leading to structural weakness and an increased risk of pathologic fractures.

Osteomyelitis: An infection of the bone that can lead to inflammation and destruction of bone tissue, increasing the risk of fractures.