Tribune of the plebs

Definition

The tribune of the plebs was an important elected official in ancient Rome, representing the interests and rights of the plebeians, the common people. This position was created to address social inequalities between the patricians, the aristocratic class, and the plebeians, ensuring that the voices of the lower classes were heard in political matters. Tribunes had the power to veto decisions made by other officials and could convene the assembly, making them a crucial part of Rome's political system.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The position of tribune of the plebs was established around 494 BCE during the Conflict of the Orders, a struggle between patricians and plebeians.
2. Tribunes could propose legislation, summon the assembly, and protect plebeians from arbitrary actions by patricians or other officials.
3. There were typically ten tribunes elected each year, and they had to be plebeians themselves, ensuring representation for their class.
4. The tribune had the right to invoke the 'sacrosanctity' principle, meaning any physical harm against a tribune was considered a grave offense and punishable by law.
5. Over time, tribunes gained increasing political influence and became pivotal players in Roman politics, leading to greater power for the plebeians.

Review Questions

• How did the role of tribune of the plebs evolve during its early years in relation to social conflicts?
  • Initially created to give a voice to the plebeians during their struggles against patrician dominance, the tribune of the plebs evolved into a significant political office with veto power and legislative capabilities. This evolution reflected growing tensions between social classes, as tribunes became essential in advocating for plebeian rights. Their ability to challenge patrician decisions helped shift political dynamics in Rome, ultimately leading to more inclusive governance.
• What powers did tribunes of the plebs hold, and how did these powers affect their relationship with other political entities like the Senate?
  • Tribunes had considerable powers including legislative proposals, veto authority over actions taken by consuls or senators, and the ability to convene assemblies. These powers allowed them to act as a counterbalance to the Senate's influence, creating friction between the two entities. As tribunes increasingly asserted their authority, they challenged the traditional dominance of patricians and reshaped Roman politics by elevating plebeian concerns.
• Evaluate how the establishment of tribunes of the plebs contributed to changes in Roman society and governance through the Conflict of Orders.
  • The establishment of tribunes of the plebs significantly transformed Roman governance by providing a formal mechanism for plebeian representation amidst ongoing social strife known as the Conflict of Orders. This office not only empowered common citizens but also facilitated their participation in political processes that were previously dominated by patricians. The resulting changes fostered greater political inclusivity and laid groundwork for future reforms that would further integrate various social classes into Rome’s governance framework.

Related terms

plebeians: The common people of ancient Rome, who were often at a disadvantage compared to the patricians and fought for political rights.

patricians: The aristocratic class in ancient Rome, holding most of the power and privileges in society, often in conflict with the plebeians.

Senate: The governing body of Rome composed mainly of patricians that held significant power in legislative matters.