Sp hybrid orbitals

Definition

Sp hybrid orbitals are formed when one s orbital and one p orbital mix together in an atom, creating two new, identical orbitals that are linearly oriented 180 degrees apart. This hybridization occurs in molecules where carbon forms triple bonds, such as acetylene (C2H2), contributing to their unique structure and bonding characteristics.

Related terms

Hybridization: The process by which atomic orbitals mix to form new hybrid orbitals with different energies and shapes than the original orbitals.

Sigma bond (σ bond): A type of covalent bond formed by the head-on overlap of atomic orbitals, including sp hybridized orbitals, along the axis connecting the nuclei of the bonding atoms.

Pi bond (π bond): A covalent bond formed by the side-to-side overlap of two p orbitals, located above and below the bonding axis; it's found alongside sigma bonds in double and triple bonded systems