Sp hybrid orbitals

Definition

sp hybrid orbitals are formed by the linear combination of one s orbital and one p orbital from the same atom. They result in two equivalent sp hybrid orbitals oriented 180 degrees apart, leading to a linear molecular geometry.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. sp hybridization involves the mixing of one s orbital and one p orbital.
2. The resulting sp hybrid orbitals have a bond angle of 180 degrees, creating a linear shape.
3. Each sp hybrid orbital has 50% s character and 50% p character.
4. Molecules like BeCl2 and CO2 exhibit sp hybridization in their central atoms.
5. sp hybrid orbitals participate in forming sigma bonds.

Review Questions

• What atomic orbitals combine to form sp hybrid orbitals?
• What is the bond angle between two sp hybrid orbitals?
• Give an example of a molecule that exhibits sp hybridization.

Related terms

sigma bond: A type of covalent bond formed by the direct overlap of atomic orbitals along the axis connecting two nuclei.

linear geometry: A molecular shape where the atoms are arranged in a straight line with a bond angle of 180 degrees.

hybridization: The process of combining atomic orbitals within an atom to produce new hybrid orbitals suitable for pairing electrons to form chemical bonds.