Genes

Definition

Genes are segments of DNA that contain the instructions for the synthesis of proteins. They play a crucial role in determining the traits and characteristics of an organism by directing the process of transcription and translation.

Related terms

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid): The molecule that contains the genetic code of organisms, acting as the blueprint for all cellular structures and functions.

Transcription:

The process by which the information stored in a gene's DNA is transferred to messenger RNA (mRNA), initiating protein synthesis.

Protein Synthesis:

The cellular process that translates genetic information into proteins, involving both transcription (in the nucleus) and translation (at the ribosome)