Genes

Definition

Genes are the basic units of heredity that maintain their structural identity from one generation to another. They are made up of DNA and determine individual biological development.

Related terms

Alleles: These are the various forms of the same gene. Like having multiple versions of a recipe - one for vegan chocolate cake, another for gluten-free chocolate cake, etc.

Genotype:

This is the genetic makeup or set of genes in our DNA which is responsible for a particular trait. It's like having all the ingredients listed in your recipe.

Phenotype:

This is the physical expression, or characteristics, of that trait. The phenotype would be the actual baked cake you can see and taste.