Selenium

Definition

Selenium is a nonmetal chemical element with the symbol 'Se' and atomic number 34, known for its photoconductive properties and its use in various optoelectronic devices. This element plays a crucial role in the development of early photodetectors and solar cells, making it a significant material in the historical progression of optoelectronics. Selenium's ability to change its electrical resistance with light exposure has made it a foundation for advancements in technology, such as photocopiers and solar energy conversion.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Selenium was discovered in 1817 by Jöns Jacob Berzelius and was initially named after the Greek word for the moon, 'selene'.
2. In the early 20th century, selenium began being used in photoelectric cells, paving the way for various applications in light detection and imaging.
3. Selenium's photoconductive properties led to its incorporation in xerography, which revolutionized printing technology with the advent of photocopiers.
4. The development of thin-film solar cells has been significantly influenced by selenium, where it serves as a key material in the production of efficient photovoltaic devices.
5. Selenium is often alloyed with other materials to enhance their properties, further contributing to advancements in optoelectronic applications.

Review Questions

• How did selenium contribute to the early developments in photodetectors and what significance does this hold for modern optoelectronic devices?
  • Selenium's unique photoconductive properties allowed it to be used in early photodetectors, which are essential for converting light into electrical signals. This capability laid the groundwork for modern optoelectronic devices by enabling technologies such as cameras, sensors, and other light-sensitive equipment. The advancements stemming from selenium's use have played a critical role in shaping today's electronic landscape, where light detection is integral to numerous applications.
• Discuss the historical impact of selenium on the evolution of solar energy technologies and its relevance to contemporary renewable energy solutions.
  • Historically, selenium has been pivotal in the development of solar cells, particularly through its application in thin-film technologies. Its ability to efficiently convert sunlight into electricity has made it a popular choice in photovoltaic systems. As the world shifts toward sustainable energy sources, selenium's role is increasingly significant, highlighting its relevance in developing new solar technologies that can improve energy efficiency and accessibility.
• Evaluate the influence of selenium on optoelectronics compared to other semiconductor materials and its future potential in emerging technologies.
  • Selenium's influence on optoelectronics is profound when compared to other semiconductor materials due to its unique properties, such as photoconductivity and ease of incorporation into various devices. While materials like silicon dominate many applications, selenium offers advantages for specific uses like thin-film solar cells and photodetectors. As research progresses into nanotechnology and advanced materials, selenium's potential may further expand, paving the way for innovative solutions in areas such as flexible electronics and energy harvesting systems.

Related terms

Photoconductivity: The property of a material that causes it to conduct electricity more effectively when exposed to light.

Solar Cell: A device that converts light energy directly into electrical energy using semiconductor materials.

Semiconductor: A material with electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator, crucial for electronic devices and optoelectronic applications.