Matthew Fontaine Maury

Definition

Matthew Fontaine Maury was a prominent American oceanographer, often called the 'Father of Modern Oceanography,' who lived from 1806 to 1873. His pioneering work in mapping the ocean currents and winds laid the foundation for the scientific study of the oceans and contributed significantly to navigation and maritime safety.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Maury published 'The Physical Geography of the Sea' in 1855, which provided extensive information about ocean currents, winds, and temperature distributions.
2. He established the first International Conference on Oceanography in 1853, promoting international collaboration in oceanographic research.
3. Maury was instrumental in developing the first comprehensive maps of wind and ocean currents, which were essential for improving maritime navigation.
4. He served as the superintendent of the U.S. Naval Observatory and was a key figure in establishing the importance of systematic data collection in oceanography.
5. Maury's advocacy for oceanographic research led to advancements in naval technology and influenced various scientific fields including meteorology and marine biology.

Review Questions

• How did Matthew Fontaine Maury's contributions to oceanography influence modern navigation techniques?
  • Matthew Fontaine Maury's contributions to oceanography revolutionized navigation by providing accurate maps of ocean currents and winds. His meticulous data collection and analysis enabled sailors to understand and utilize these natural forces, leading to safer and more efficient sea travel. This foundational work not only improved maritime practices at the time but also established principles that are still applied in modern navigation today.
• In what ways did Maury's publication 'The Physical Geography of the Sea' impact the field of oceanography?
  • 'The Physical Geography of the Sea,' published by Maury in 1855, had a profound impact on oceanography as it compiled extensive research on ocean currents, water temperatures, and marine geography. This work provided an organized synthesis of existing knowledge and introduced new insights into oceanic processes. It served as a critical reference for future researchers and helped formalize oceanography as a scientific discipline.
• Evaluate how Matthew Fontaine Maury's advocacy for international collaboration in oceanographic research changed the scope of marine studies globally.
  • Matthew Fontaine Maury's advocacy for international collaboration had a transformative effect on global marine studies by fostering cooperation among nations in collecting and sharing oceanographic data. By initiating the first International Conference on Oceanography in 1853, he emphasized the need for a collective approach to studying the oceans. This collaborative spirit paved the way for future international marine research initiatives and laid the groundwork for modern scientific organizations dedicated to ocean studies, ultimately enhancing our understanding of marine environments across the globe.

Related terms

Bathymetry: The study of underwater depth of ocean floors, which was significantly advanced by Maury's work in mapping oceanic features.

Nautical Charts: Maps specifically designed for marine navigation that illustrate coastal features, hazards, and ocean currents, greatly improved by Maury's detailed oceanographic research.

Hydrography: The branch of science that deals with the measurement and description of the physical features of oceans, seas, and coastal areas, which Maury helped establish as a key field of study.