Urea

Definition

Urea is a waste product formed in the liver through the breakdown of proteins and amino acids. It is excreted by the kidneys and plays a critical role in the urinary system's removal of excess nitrogen.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Urea levels can be measured in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) tests to assess kidney function.
2. High urea levels may indicate renal impairment or dehydration, while low levels could suggest liver disease or malnutrition.
3. Urea is synthesized in the liver via the urea cycle, which converts toxic ammonia into a less toxic compound.
4. Dietary protein intake directly influences urea production; high protein diets increase urea formation.
5. Dialysis patients often have monitored urea levels to ensure effective treatment and removal of waste products.

Review Questions

• What might elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels indicate about kidney function?
• How does dietary protein intake affect urea production?
• Why is it important to monitor urea levels in dialysis patients?

Related terms

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN): A test that measures the amount of urea nitrogen in the blood to evaluate kidney function.

Uremia: A condition involving abnormally high levels of waste products in the blood due to renal failure.

Creatinine: A waste product from muscle metabolism that is also used to assess kidney function alongside urea.