Tyramine

Definition

Tyramine is a naturally occurring monoamine compound derived from the amino acid tyrosine. It plays a role in blood pressure regulation and can trigger migraines in susceptible individuals.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Tyramine is found in aged and fermented foods such as cheese, cured meats, and certain alcoholic beverages.
2. High levels of tyramine can cause hypertensive crises, especially in patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs).
3. Tyramine is metabolized by the enzyme monoamine oxidase; inhibition of this enzyme can lead to increased levels of tyramine.
4. Patients with conditions like migraine or those on MAOIs are often advised to follow a low-tyramine diet.
5. Symptoms of tyramine reaction include severe headache, elevated blood pressure, palpitations, and nausea.

Review Questions

• What types of foods are high in tyramine?
• Why should patients on MAOIs avoid high-tyramine foods?
• What are some symptoms associated with a tyramine reaction?

Related terms

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs): Medications that inhibit the activity of monoamine oxidase enzymes, leading to increased levels of neurotransmitters like serotonin and norepinephrine.

Hypertensive Crisis: A sudden and severe increase in blood pressure that can occur due to high levels of tyramine when taking MAOIs.

Migraine: A type of headache characterized by severe pain, often triggered by dietary factors including high levels of tyramine.