Torsades de pointes

Definition

Torsades de pointes is a specific type of abnormal heart rhythm that can lead to sudden cardiac death. It is characterized by a rapid, irregular heartbeat originating from the ventricles.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Torsades de pointes can be triggered by electrolyte imbalances, particularly low levels of potassium and magnesium.
2. Certain medications, including some used to treat arrhythmias, can increase the risk of developing torsades de pointes.
3. It is often associated with a prolonged QT interval on an electrocardiogram (ECG).
4. Patients with torsades de pointes might experience symptoms like dizziness, palpitations, or fainting.
5. Immediate treatment may include intravenous magnesium and discontinuation of any contributing medications.

Review Questions

• What electrolyte imbalances are commonly associated with torsades de pointes?
• How does a prolonged QT interval relate to the development of torsades de pointes?
• What are common symptoms that patients with torsades de pointes might experience?

Related terms

Electrolyte Imbalance: Abnormal levels of minerals in the blood that can affect bodily functions and contribute to conditions like torsades de pointes.

QT Interval: The time between the start of the Q wave and the end of the T wave on an ECG, representing electrical depolarization and repolarization of the ventricles.

Magnesium Sulfate: A medication often used intravenously to treat conditions such as seizures in eclampsia and certain types of arrhythmias including torsades de pointes.