Thyroid hormone synthesis

Definition

Thyroid hormone synthesis is the process by which the thyroid gland produces hormones such as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones play crucial roles in regulating metabolism, growth, and neurological development.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Thyroid hormone synthesis requires iodine uptake from the bloodstream.
2. The enzyme thyroid peroxidase is essential for the iodination of tyrosine residues on thyroglobulin.
3. T3 and T4 are stored in the thyroid gland until they are released into circulation under the regulation of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH).
4. Adequate levels of thyroid hormones are critical for neurological development, particularly during fetal and early childhood stages.
5. Nutritional deficiencies, particularly iodine deficiency, can impair thyroid hormone synthesis and lead to conditions like hypothyroidism.

Review Questions

• What role does iodine play in thyroid hormone synthesis?
• How does Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) influence the release of T3 and T4?
• Why are adequate levels of thyroid hormones crucial for neurological development?

Related terms

Iodine:

An essential mineral required for the production of thyroid hormones.

Hypothyroidism:

A condition resulting from insufficient production of thyroid hormones, leading to metabolic and developmental issues.

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH):

A pituitary hormone that regulates the production and release of T3 and T4 from the thyroid gland.