Sodium

Definition

Sodium is an essential mineral that plays a critical role in maintaining fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contraction. It is commonly consumed through salt (sodium chloride) in the diet.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Sodium helps regulate blood pressure and blood volume.
2. Excessive sodium intake can lead to hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
3. The kidneys play a crucial role in excreting excess sodium to maintain homeostasis.
4. Sodium is involved in the absorption of nutrients like glucose and amino acids in the intestines.
5. Diets high in processed foods are often high in sodium, which can negatively impact renal health.

Review Questions

• What role does sodium play in regulating blood pressure?
• How do the kidneys manage sodium levels within the body?
• What are potential health risks associated with high dietary sodium intake?

Related terms

Potassium:

An essential mineral that works with sodium to maintain cellular function and fluid balance.

Hypertension:

A condition characterized by consistently elevated blood pressure, often linked to excessive sodium consumption.

Electrolytes:

Minerals like sodium, potassium, and chloride that are vital for various bodily functions including nerve signaling and muscle contraction.