Phenylalanine

Definition

Phenylalanine is an essential amino acid necessary for the production of proteins and neurotransmitters. It plays a critical role in the synthesis of tyrosine, dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Phenylalanine is crucial for cognitive function and mental health because it influences neurotransmitter levels.
2. The body converts phenylalanine to tyrosine, which is then used to produce important brain chemicals.
3. Individuals with Phenylketonuria (PKU) cannot metabolize phenylalanine properly, leading to neurological issues if not managed through diet.
4. Foods rich in phenylalanine include meat, fish, eggs, dairy products, nuts, seeds, and soy products.
5. Excessive intake of phenylalanine can lead to neurotoxicity and exacerbate symptoms in individuals with PKU.

Review Questions

• Why is phenylalanine important for neurological health?
• What condition requires strict dietary management due to an inability to metabolize phenylalanine?
• Which neurotransmitters are synthesized from phenylalanine?

Related terms

Tyrosine: An amino acid produced from phenylalanine that is a precursor to several neurotransmitters.

Phenylketonuria (PKU): A genetic disorder where the body cannot metabolize phenylalanine properly.

Neurotransmitters: Chemical messengers in the brain such as dopamine and norepinephrine that are derived from amino acids like phenylalanine.