Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Definition

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a hormone produced by the parathyroid glands that regulates calcium levels in the blood. It plays a crucial role in bone health, kidney function, and vitamin D metabolism.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. PTH increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclasts to break down bone tissue.
2. It enhances calcium reabsorption in the kidneys and reduces phosphate reabsorption.
3. PTH stimulates the conversion of vitamin D to its active form, calcitriol, in the kidneys.
4. Hyperparathyroidism can lead to elevated PTH levels and hypercalcemia, impacting nutritional status and bone density.
5. Adequate dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D is essential for optimal PTH function and endocrine health.

Review Questions

• How does parathyroid hormone (PTH) affect blood calcium levels?
• What role does PTH play in the metabolism of vitamin D?
• Why is it important for nurses to monitor calcium and phosphate levels in patients with endocrine disorders?

Related terms

Calcitriol: The active form of vitamin D that helps regulate calcium levels in the blood.

Osteoclasts: Cells that break down bone tissue, releasing minerals like calcium into the bloodstream.

Hyperparathyroidism: A condition characterized by overproduction of parathyroid hormone leading to high calcium levels and potential bone density loss.