Oxidative stress

Definition

Oxidative stress is an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in the body, leading to cellular damage. It plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of various chronic illnesses affecting neurological, endocrine, hematologic, and pulmonary systems.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Oxidative stress can contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
2. In endocrine health, oxidative stress is linked to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
3. Chronic oxidative stress can impair hematologic functions, including red blood cell integrity and immune response.
4. Pulmonary diseases like COPD and asthma are exacerbated by oxidative stress due to increased inflammation.
5. Antioxidant-rich diets can help mitigate the effects of oxidative stress across different body systems.

Review Questions

• How does oxidative stress affect neurological health?
• What role does oxidative stress play in the development of type 2 diabetes?
• Explain how antioxidant-rich diets can counteract oxidative stress.

Related terms

Free Radicals: Molecules with unpaired electrons that cause cellular damage through oxidation.

Antioxidants:

Compounds that neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative damage.

Inflammation:

The body's response to harmful stimuli, often exacerbated by oxidative stress.