Oxidation

Definition

Oxidation is a chemical reaction where a substance loses electrons, often resulting in the production of free radicals. In the body, it can lead to cellular damage if not regulated by antioxidants.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Vitamin C and Vitamin E are key antioxidants that help protect cells from oxidative damage.
2. Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in the body.
3. Free radicals produced by oxidation can damage DNA, proteins, and cell membranes.
4. Antioxidants neutralize free radicals by donating electrons without becoming unstable themselves.
5. Certain micronutrients like Selenium act as cofactors for antioxidant enzymes.

Review Questions

• What role do vitamins play in protecting against oxidative damage?
• Explain how oxidation can affect cellular structures within the human body.
• Why are antioxidants crucial in maintaining cellular health?

Related terms

Antioxidant: A molecule that inhibits oxidation and neutralizes free radicals.

Free Radical: An unstable molecule with an unpaired electron that can cause cellular damage.

Oxidative Stress: A state where excess free radicals overwhelm the body's antioxidant defenses.