Niacin

Definition

Niacin, also known as Vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a critical role in energy metabolism and cellular function. It is essential for the health of the nervous system and skin.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Niacin is involved in the synthesis of NAD and NADP, which are crucial for cellular metabolism.
2. Deficiency in niacin can lead to pellagra, characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia.
3. Niacin has been shown to improve cholesterol levels by lowering LDL and triglycerides while raising HDL.
4. High doses of niacin can cause flushing, a common side effect where the skin turns red and feels warm.
5. Dietary sources of niacin include meat, fish, poultry, enriched and whole grain breads.

Review Questions

• What are the primary functions of niacin in the body?
• Which condition is associated with severe niacin deficiency?
• How does niacin impact cholesterol levels?

Related terms

Pellagra: A disease caused by severe deficiency of niacin characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia.

NAD/NADP: Coenzymes derived from niacin that are essential for metabolic processes.

Flushing: A common side effect of high doses of niacin where the skin becomes red and warm.