Neurotransmitters

Definition

Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit signals across synapses from one neuron to another. They play a crucial role in maintaining proper neurological function and overall brain health.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. There are different types of neurotransmitters, including excitatory (e.g., glutamate) and inhibitory (e.g., GABA).
2. Dietary factors like amino acids, vitamins, and minerals are essential for the synthesis of neurotransmitters.
3. An imbalance in neurotransmitter levels can lead to neurological disorders such as depression, anxiety, and Parkinson's disease.
4. Omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil can enhance neurotransmitter function and support cognitive health.
5. Antioxidants from fruits and vegetables help protect neurons from oxidative stress, thereby preserving neurotransmitter integrity.

Review Questions

• What roles do excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters play in the nervous system?
• How can diet influence the synthesis and function of neurotransmitters?
• Which nutrients are critical for maintaining optimal levels of neurotransmitters?

Related terms

Synapse: A junction between two nerve cells where impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter.

Glutamate: An excitatory neurotransmitter involved in cognitive functions like learning and memory.

GABA: Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps regulate neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system.