Nephrolithiasis

Definition

Nephrolithiasis is the medical term for kidney stones, which are hard deposits of minerals and salts that form inside the kidneys. These stones can cause pain, urinary issues, and potential kidney damage if not managed properly.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. High sodium intake can increase the risk of nephrolithiasis by increasing calcium excretion in urine.
2. Adequate hydration is crucial as it helps dilute substances in urine that lead to stone formation.
3. Dietary oxalates found in foods like spinach and nuts can contribute to calcium oxalate stone formation.
4. Reducing animal protein consumption may help prevent uric acid stones due to lower purine intake.
5. Citrate-rich foods like lemons and oranges can help prevent stone formation by binding with calcium.

Review Questions

• How does high sodium intake influence the risk of developing nephrolithiasis?
• What role does hydration play in preventing kidney stones?
• Which dietary components should be limited to reduce the risk of forming calcium oxalate stones?

Related terms

Hyperoxaluria: Excessive urinary excretion of oxalate, which can lead to kidney stone formation.

Urolithiasis: The process of forming stones in the urinary tract, which includes nephrolithiasis.

Renal Colic: Severe pain caused by a kidney stone obstructing part of the urinary tract.