Monosaccharide

Definition

A monosaccharide is the simplest form of carbohydrate and consists of a single sugar molecule. Examples include glucose, fructose, and galactose.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Monosaccharides are the building blocks of more complex carbohydrates like disaccharides and polysaccharides.
2. Glucose is a primary energy source for cells and crucial for brain function.
3. Fructose is commonly found in fruits and honey, providing natural sweetness.
4. Monosaccharides can be absorbed directly into the bloodstream without needing to be broken down by enzymes.
5. Galactose combines with glucose to form lactose, the sugar found in milk.

Review Questions

• What are three common examples of monosaccharides?
• Why is glucose considered crucial for brain function?
• How do monosaccharides differ from disaccharides in terms of absorption?

Related terms

Disaccharide: A carbohydrate composed of two monosaccharide molecules bonded together.

Polysaccharide: A complex carbohydrate made up of long chains of monosaccharide units.

Glycemic Index: A measure that ranks foods based on their effect on blood glucose levels.