Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

Definition

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) are a class of medications used to treat depression by preventing the breakdown of monoamine neurotransmitters. They can have significant dietary restrictions due to interactions with certain foods containing tyramine.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. MAOIs inhibit the activity of monoamine oxidase enzymes, increasing levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine.
2. Patients taking MAOIs must avoid foods high in tyramine like aged cheeses and fermented products to prevent hypertensive crises.
3. Commonly prescribed MAOIs include phenelzine, tranylcypromine, and isocarboxazid.
4. They are generally considered after other antidepressants fail due to their potential for severe side effects and dietary restrictions.
5. MAOIs can interact with various medications, including over-the-counter drugs and other antidepressants, making it crucial to manage these interactions carefully.

Review Questions

• What is the primary mechanism of action for Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors?
• Why must patients on MAOIs avoid foods high in tyramine?
• List three common MAOIs prescribed for depression.

Related terms

Tyramine: An amino acid that can cause hypertensive crisis when consumed in large amounts by patients taking MAOIs.

Serotonin: A neurotransmitter affected by MAOIs that plays a role in mood regulation.

Hypertensive Crisis: A severe increase in blood pressure that can occur from consuming high-tyramine foods while on MAOIs.