Megaloblastic anemia

Definition

Megaloblastic anemia is a type of anemia characterized by the presence of abnormally large red blood cells in the bone marrow and bloodstream. It is often caused by deficiencies in vitamin B12 or folate, which are crucial for DNA synthesis.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Megaloblastic anemia is commonly associated with deficiencies in vitamin B12 and folate.
2. Symptoms can include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, and shortness of breath.
3. The condition can be diagnosed through blood tests that show enlarged red blood cells and low levels of vitamin B12 or folate.
4. Treatment typically involves supplementation of the deficient vitamins and dietary changes to include more sources of these nutrients.
5. If left untreated, it can lead to severe neurological complications due to prolonged vitamin B12 deficiency.

Review Questions

• What are the primary vitamins whose deficiencies cause megaloblastic anemia?
• List at least three symptoms commonly associated with megaloblastic anemia.
• How is megaloblastic anemia typically treated?

Related terms

Vitamin B12 Deficiency: A condition caused by inadequate intake or absorption of vitamin B12, leading to neurological issues and megaloblastic anemia.

Folate Deficiency:

A lack of folic acid in the diet, resulting in impaired DNA synthesis and potentially leading to megaloblastic anemia.

Anemia:

A condition characterized by a decreased number of red blood cells or hemoglobin, causing fatigue and weakness.