Medulla

Definition

The medulla is the lower half of the brainstem that connects the brain to the spinal cord. It plays a crucial role in regulating vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The medulla controls autonomic nervous system functions including respiratory and cardiovascular regulation.
2. It serves as a conduit for neural pathways between the brain and spinal cord.
3. Damage to the medulla can lead to severe neurological deficits or even death due to its control over essential life-sustaining functions.
4. Nutritional deficiencies, especially those affecting electrolyte balance, can impair the medulla's function.
5. Hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions can directly impact the health and functionality of the medulla.

Review Questions

• What are some of the primary functions regulated by the medulla?
• How can nutritional deficiencies affect the functioning of the medulla?
• Why is damage to the medulla particularly dangerous?

Related terms

Brainstem: The part of the brain that includes the midbrain, pons, and medulla, responsible for basic life functions.

Autonomic Nervous System: The part of the nervous system responsible for controlling involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate and digestion.

Electrolyte Balance: The proper ratio of electrolytes in body fluids necessary for normal cell function and overall homeostasis.