Kidneys

Definition

Kidneys are two bean-shaped organs located on either side of the spine that filter blood to remove waste products and excess fluids, forming urine. They also help maintain electrolyte balance and regulate blood pressure.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The kidneys filter approximately 120-150 quarts of blood daily to produce about 1-2 quarts of urine.
2. They play a crucial role in maintaining electrolyte balance, including sodium, potassium, and calcium levels.
3. Kidneys are involved in the activation of vitamin D, which is essential for calcium absorption and bone health.
4. Chronic kidney disease can significantly impact nutritional status by causing imbalances in protein, electrolytes, and fluids.
5. Dietary management for kidney health often includes controlling intake of sodium, phosphorus, and potassium to prevent further renal damage.

Review Questions

• What are the primary functions of the kidneys?
• How do kidneys contribute to electrolyte balance in the body?
• Why is dietary management important for individuals with chronic kidney disease?

Related terms

Nephron:

The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and forming urine.

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR): GFR is a measure of how well the kidneys are filtering blood, used as an indicator of kidney function.

Electrolyte Balance:

Refers to the regulation of minerals like sodium, potassium, and calcium that are vital for bodily functions.