Hyponatremia

Definition

Hyponatremia is a condition characterized by low sodium levels in the blood, typically below 135 mmol/L. It can cause neurological symptoms such as confusion, seizures, and coma due to its impact on cellular function.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Hyponatremia often results from excessive fluid intake or conditions that impair water excretion.
2. Common causes include congestive heart failure, liver disease, and certain medications like diuretics.
3. Symptoms can range from mild (nausea, headache) to severe (seizures, coma).
4. Treatment often involves fluid restriction and addressing the underlying cause.
5. Rapid correction of hyponatremia can lead to central pontine myelinolysis, a serious neurological condition.

Review Questions

• What are the primary causes of hyponatremia?
• How does hyponatremia affect neurological function?
• What are the potential risks associated with rapid correction of hyponatremia?

Related terms

Hypernatremia: A condition characterized by high sodium levels in the blood, often due to dehydration or salt overload.

Electrolyte Imbalance: A disruption in the balance of electrolytes in the body, which can affect various bodily functions including muscle contractions and nerve signaling.

SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion): A condition where excessive release of antidiuretic hormone leads to water retention and hyponatremia.