Hypocalcemia

Definition

Hypocalcemia is a condition characterized by low levels of calcium in the blood. It can affect neurological function and is often a concern in clinical nutrition.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Hypocalcemia can lead to neuromuscular irritability, resulting in symptoms like muscle cramps and spasms.
2. Chronic hypocalcemia can cause cognitive impairments, including confusion and memory loss.
3. Common causes include vitamin D deficiency, renal failure, and certain medications like anticonvulsants.
4. Hypocalcemia is typically diagnosed through blood tests measuring total calcium and ionized calcium levels.
5. Treatment often involves calcium supplements and addressing underlying causes such as vitamin D deficiency or kidney disease.

Review Questions

• What are some neurological symptoms associated with hypocalcemia?
• Name three common causes of hypocalcemia.
• How is hypocalcemia typically diagnosed in a clinical setting?

Related terms

Hypercalcemia: A condition characterized by abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood, often causing symptoms like fatigue and kidney stones.

Vitamin D Deficiency: A lack of sufficient vitamin D in the body, which can impair calcium absorption and contribute to hypocalcemia.

Tetany: A condition marked by severe muscle cramps and spasms due to low calcium levels affecting neuromuscular function.