Hormones

Definition

Hormones are chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands that regulate various physiological processes in the body. They play a key role in metabolism, growth, reproduction, and maintaining homeostasis.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Hormones like insulin and glucagon are crucial for glucose metabolism and energy balance.
2. Dysregulation of thyroid hormones can lead to conditions like hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, affecting metabolic rate.
3. Proper nutrition can influence hormone levels; for example, iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production.
4. Hormonal imbalances can impact renal function, leading to issues like hypertension and electrolyte disturbances.
5. Stress hormones such as cortisol can affect both endocrine and renal systems by altering blood pressure and metabolic processes.

Review Questions

• What role does insulin play in glucose metabolism?
• How does iodine deficiency affect thyroid hormone production?
• In what ways can hormonal imbalances impact renal function?

Related terms

Endocrine Glands:

Organs that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

Metabolism:

The set of life-sustaining chemical reactions that process nutrients to produce energy.

Homeostasis:

The maintenance of stable internal conditions despite external changes.