Heart attack

Definition

A heart attack, or myocardial infarction, occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked for a long enough period that part of the heart muscle is damaged or dies. It is often caused by a blockage in one or more coronary arteries due to plaque buildup.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Diets high in saturated fats and trans fats can increase the risk of a heart attack by contributing to plaque buildup in arteries.
2. Omega-3 fatty acids found in fish can help reduce inflammation and lower the risk of heart attacks.
3. High levels of LDL cholesterol are closely linked to an increased risk of heart attacks.
4. Managing blood pressure through diet—such as reducing sodium intake—can significantly lower the risk of experiencing a heart attack.
5. Antioxidants found in fruits and vegetables can help prevent oxidative stress, which is associated with cardiovascular diseases including heart attacks.

Review Questions

• How do saturated fats contribute to the occurrence of a heart attack?
• What role do omega-3 fatty acids play in preventing heart attacks?
• Why is it important to manage blood pressure through dietary means in relation to heart health?

Related terms

Atherosclerosis: The buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substances on artery walls that can restrict blood flow

LDL Cholesterol: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, often referred to as 'bad' cholesterol because high levels can lead to plaque formation in arteries

Hypertension: A condition where the force of the blood against artery walls is too high, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks