Fructose

Definition

Fructose is a simple sugar found naturally in fruits, honey, and some vegetables. It is a monosaccharide that is metabolized differently from glucose and has unique effects on the body.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Fructose is primarily metabolized in the liver, where it can be converted to glucose or stored as fat.
2. High intake of fructose has been linked to insulin resistance, which can influence brain function and neurological health.
3. Unlike glucose, fructose does not stimulate a significant release of insulin or leptin, hormones involved in hunger regulation.
4. Excessive consumption of fructose, especially from added sugars like high-fructose corn syrup, has been associated with increased risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
5. Research suggests that high levels of fructose consumption may contribute to inflammation and oxidative stress in the brain.

Review Questions

• How does the metabolism of fructose differ from that of glucose?
• What are the potential neurological impacts of chronic high fructose consumption?
• Why doesn't fructose significantly stimulate insulin or leptin compared to glucose?

Related terms

Glucose: A simple sugar that is an important energy source for the body and is regulated by insulin.

Insulin Resistance: A condition where cells become less responsive to insulin, often leading to higher blood sugar levels.

High-Fructose Corn Syrup: A sweetener made from corn starch that contains higher levels of fructose compared to regular corn syrup.