Food allergies

Definition

Food allergies occur when the immune system mistakenly identifies a harmless food protein as a threat, triggering an allergic reaction. Symptoms can range from mild (rash, hives) to severe (anaphylaxis).

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The most common food allergens include peanuts, tree nuts, milk, eggs, wheat, soy, fish, and shellfish.
2. Immune response to food allergens involves IgE antibodies that trigger histamine release.
3. Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.
4. Gastrointestinal symptoms of food allergies include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.
5. Diagnosis often involves skin prick tests or blood tests to identify specific IgE antibodies.

Review Questions

• What are the eight most common food allergens?
• How does the immune system react during a food allergy episode?
• What are some gastrointestinal symptoms associated with food allergies?

Related terms

Anaphylaxis: A severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that requires immediate medical intervention.

Histamine: A compound released by cells in response to injury and in allergic and inflammatory reactions causing contraction of smooth muscle and dilation of capillaries.

IgE Antibodies: Immunoglobulin E antibodies are produced by the immune system in response to an allergen and play a key role in allergic reactions.