Estrogen

Definition

Estrogen is a primary female sex hormone responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sexual characteristics. It also plays a significant role in bone density, cardiovascular health, and mood regulation.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Estrogen levels fluctuate throughout a woman's life, with significant changes occurring during puberty, pregnancy, and menopause.
2. Dietary intake of phytoestrogens found in soy products can mimic estrogen's effects in the body.
3. A deficiency in estrogen can lead to osteoporosis due to its role in bone density maintenance.
4. Excessive body fat can increase estrogen levels since adipose tissue converts androgens into estrogens.
5. Certain micronutrients like vitamin D and calcium are crucial for mitigating estrogen deficiencies and supporting endocrine health.

Review Questions

• How do phytoestrogens in the diet influence estrogen levels?
• What are the potential health impacts of low estrogen levels on bone density?
• Why is it important to monitor body fat levels concerning estrogen production?

Related terms

Progesterone: A hormone that regulates menstruation and supports pregnancy by preparing the endometrium for implantation.

Phytoestrogens: Plant-derived compounds that mimic the function of estrogen by binding to its receptors.

Menopause: The natural cessation of menstruation typically occurring between ages 45-55, marked by decreased production of hormones such as estrogen.