Endothelial cells

Definition

Endothelial cells are specialized cells lining the interior surface of blood vessels, playing a crucial role in vascular function. They regulate blood flow, nutrient exchange, and immune responses within the nervous system.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Endothelial cells form the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which protects the brain from harmful substances while allowing nutrient transport.
2. Dysfunction of endothelial cells can contribute to neurological diseases such as stroke and Alzheimer's disease.
3. They produce nitric oxide, a molecule vital for vasodilation and proper blood circulation in the brain.
4. Endothelial health is influenced by diet, with nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids supporting their function.
5. Inflammation and oxidative stress can damage endothelial cells, impacting neurological wellness.

Review Questions

• What role do endothelial cells play in maintaining the blood-brain barrier?
• How does endothelial cell dysfunction contribute to neurological diseases?
• Which nutrients are known to support endothelial cell health?

Related terms

Blood-Brain Barrier: A selective permeability barrier formed by endothelial cells that protects the brain from harmful substances.

Nitric Oxide: A molecule produced by endothelial cells that promotes vasodilation and improves blood flow.

Oxidative Stress: An imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants leading to cellular damage, including to endothelial cells.