Digestion

Definition

Digestion is the process by which the body breaks down food into smaller components that can be absorbed and utilized for energy, growth, and repair. It involves both mechanical and chemical processes occurring throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The digestive process begins in the mouth with mechanical chewing and enzymatic action of saliva.
2. The stomach plays a crucial role in digestion by using gastric acid and enzymes to break down proteins.
3. Most nutrient absorption occurs in the small intestine, where enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver aid in digestion.
4. Digestive health impacts overall nutrition status, affecting how well nutrients are absorbed and used by the body.
5. Common disorders like GERD, IBS, and Crohn's disease can significantly impact digestion and nutrient absorption.

Review Questions

• What are the primary functions of the stomach in the digestive process?
• Where does most nutrient absorption occur during digestion?
• How do pancreatic enzymes contribute to digestion?

Related terms

metabolism: The set of life-sustaining chemical reactions that includes catabolism (breaking down molecules) for energy production.

enzymes: Proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions, including those involved in digestion.

gastrointestinal tract: The long tube running from mouth to anus where digestion and absorption occur.