Cushing’s syndrome

Definition

Cushing’s syndrome is a condition caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol. It can result from endogenous overproduction or exogenous sources such as medication.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Cushing's syndrome can lead to symptoms like weight gain, especially around the abdomen and face, muscle weakness, and thinning skin.
2. It is often diagnosed through blood tests measuring cortisol levels, 24-hour urinary free cortisol test, and imaging studies.
3. Exogenous Cushing’s syndrome is often due to prolonged use of glucocorticoids for conditions like asthma or rheumatoid arthritis.
4. Patients with Cushing's syndrome may have increased risk of osteoporosis, hypertension, diabetes, and infections due to immune suppression.
5. Treatment options include reducing corticosteroid use if possible, surgical removal of tumors, radiation therapy, and medications that control cortisol production.

Review Questions

• What are common symptoms associated with Cushing's syndrome?
• How is Cushing's syndrome typically diagnosed?
• What are the potential complications of untreated Cushing's syndrome?

Related terms

Addison’s Disease: a disorder where the adrenal glands do not produce sufficient steroid hormones.

Hyperglycemia: an abnormally high blood glucose level often associated with endocrine disorders like diabetes mellitus.

Glucocorticoids: a class of corticosteroids that affect metabolism and immune response; used in treating inflammation but can cause side effects similar to Cushing's syndrome when overused.