Colon cancer

Definition

Colon cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the large intestine (colon), part of the digestive tract. It typically starts as small, noncancerous clumps of cells called polyps that can develop into cancer over time.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Early detection through screening like colonoscopies significantly improves survival rates.
2. Dietary factors such as high red and processed meat intake have been linked to an increased risk of colon cancer.
3. Symptoms may include changes in bowel habits, rectal bleeding, persistent abdominal discomfort, and unexplained weight loss.
4. Family history and genetic mutations, such as those found in Lynch syndrome, can increase susceptibility to colon cancer.
5. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains is associated with a lower risk of developing colon cancer.

Review Questions

• What are some common dietary risk factors for colon cancer?
• How does early screening impact the prognosis of colon cancer?
• What are some symptoms that might indicate the presence of colon cancer?

Related terms

polyps: Noncancerous growths in the lining of the colon that can potentially develop into cancer over time.

colonoscopy: A diagnostic procedure where a long, flexible tube with a camera is used to examine the interior of the colon.

Lynch syndrome: An inherited condition that increases the risk of developing colorectal and other types of cancers due to genetic mutations.