Carbohydrates

Definition

Carbohydrates are organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that serve as a primary energy source for the body. They are categorized into simple sugars and complex carbohydrates, impacting blood sugar levels differently.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Carbohydrates provide 4 kilocalories per gram.
2. Simple sugars include glucose, fructose, and lactose, which are quickly absorbed by the body.
3. Complex carbohydrates like starches and fibers take longer to digest and provide sustained energy.
4. The glycemic index measures how quickly carbohydrate-containing foods raise blood glucose levels.
5. Adequate carbohydrate intake is crucial for brain function and overall neurological health.

Review Questions

• What are the two main types of carbohydrates and how do they differ in terms of digestion?
• How many kilocalories does one gram of carbohydrates provide?
• Why is carbohydrate intake important for neurological health?

Related terms

Glycemic Index:

A ranking system for carbohydrates based on their immediate impact on blood glucose levels

Simple Sugars: Easily digestible forms of carbohydrates that rapidly increase blood sugar levels

Complex Carbohydrates:

Carbohydrates that consist of longer chains of sugar molecules, providing more gradual energy release