Calcium

Definition

Calcium is a crucial mineral for the development and maintenance of strong bones and teeth. It also plays essential roles in muscle contraction, nerve signaling, and blood clotting.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Calcium absorption occurs primarily in the small intestine and is facilitated by vitamin D.
2. The recommended daily intake of calcium varies by age, gender, and life stage, with higher needs during adolescence and older adulthood.
3. Calcium deficiency can lead to conditions like osteoporosis and increased fracture risk.
4. Dairy products are major dietary sources of calcium, but it can also be obtained from fortified foods and leafy green vegetables.
5. Hypercalcemia, or high levels of calcium in the blood, can be caused by over-supplementation or certain medical conditions like hyperparathyroidism.

Review Questions

• What role does vitamin D play in calcium absorption?
• What are some dietary sources of calcium other than dairy products?
• What are potential health risks associated with both calcium deficiency and excess?

Related terms

Osteoporosis:

A condition characterized by weakened bones, increasing the risk of fractures.

Hyperparathyroidism:

A disorder where excessive parathyroid hormone leads to elevated levels of calcium in the blood.

Vitamin D:

A fat-soluble vitamin that promotes calcium absorption in the gut and maintains adequate serum calcium levels.