Blood sugar

Definition

Blood sugar, also known as blood glucose, is the concentration of glucose present in the bloodstream. It is a critical source of energy for the body's cells and is tightly regulated to maintain metabolic homeostasis.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Normal fasting blood sugar levels range from 70 to 99 mg/dL.
2. Insulin and glucagon are key hormones that regulate blood sugar levels.
3. Hyperglycemia refers to high blood sugar levels, while hypoglycemia refers to low blood sugar levels.
4. Carbohydrates impact blood sugar levels by breaking down into glucose during digestion.
5. Chronic high blood sugar can lead to complications such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neuropathy.

Review Questions

• What are the normal fasting blood sugar levels?
• Which hormones are primarily responsible for regulating blood sugar?
• What are the potential long-term complications of chronic high blood sugar?

Related terms

Insulin: A hormone produced by the pancreas that helps lower blood glucose levels by facilitating cellular uptake of glucose.

Glucagon: A hormone produced by the pancreas that raises blood glucose levels by stimulating glycogen breakdown in the liver.

Glycemic Index: A ranking system for carbohydrates based on their immediate effect on blood glucose levels after consumption.