Blood glucose

Definition

Blood glucose is the concentration of glucose present in the blood, essential for providing energy to body cells. It is tightly regulated by hormones such as insulin and glucagon to maintain homeostasis.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Normal fasting blood glucose levels range between 70-99 mg/dL.
2. Hyperglycemia refers to high blood glucose levels, often seen in diabetes mellitus.
3. Hypoglycemia is a condition characterized by abnormally low blood glucose levels.
4. The glycemic index measures how quickly foods cause an increase in blood glucose levels.
5. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps lower blood glucose levels by facilitating cellular uptake.

Review Questions

• What are the normal fasting blood glucose levels?
• Which hormone primarily regulates the decrease of blood glucose levels?
• What term describes abnormally high blood glucose levels?

Related terms

Insulin:

A hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate blood sugar levels by facilitating cellular uptake of glucose.

Glucagon:

A hormone produced by the pancreas that raises blood sugar levels by promoting gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis.

Glycemic Index:

A ranking system for carbohydrates based on their immediate effect on blood glucose levels.