Barbiturates

Definition

Barbiturates are a class of drugs that act as central nervous system depressants, used primarily to treat anxiety, insomnia, and seizure disorders. They work by enhancing the activity of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Barbiturates can lead to physical dependence and have a high potential for abuse.
2. They are metabolized in the liver and excreted by the kidneys.
3. Common side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, and respiratory depression.
4. Nutritional considerations include monitoring for vitamin D and folate deficiencies due to altered metabolism.
5. Barbiturates can interact with other medications such as anticoagulants and oral contraceptives.

Review Questions

• What is the primary mechanism of action for barbiturates?
• Name at least two conditions for which barbiturates might be prescribed.
• How do barbiturates affect nutritional status, particularly concerning vitamin D and folate?

Related terms

Benzodiazepines:

A class of drugs that also act as central nervous system depressants but are generally considered safer than barbiturates.

GABA:

A neurotransmitter that inhibits nerve transmission in the brain, calming nervous activity.

Seizure Disorders: Neurological conditions where nerve cell activity in the brain becomes disrupted causing seizures.