Grounded Theory

Definition

Grounded theory is a systematic research methodology in the social sciences that aims to generate theories based on data collected from the field rather than testing existing theories. This approach allows researchers to build a theory that is 'grounded' in empirical data, making it particularly valuable in understanding complex social processes and human behaviors.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Grounded theory was developed by sociologists Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss in the 1960s as a way to create theory from qualitative data.
2. This approach emphasizes iterative data collection and analysis, allowing researchers to adapt their focus based on what they discover during the research process.
3. Grounded theory can be applied across various disciplines, including nursing, education, and psychology, making it a versatile tool for understanding complex phenomena.
4. The goal of grounded theory is not just to describe a phenomenon but to generate a substantive theory that explains how and why that phenomenon occurs.
5. Researchers using grounded theory typically begin with open coding of data, followed by axial coding to identify relationships, and finally selective coding to form a cohesive theory.

Review Questions

• How does grounded theory differ from traditional research methodologies in terms of data collection and theory development?
  • Grounded theory differs from traditional research methodologies primarily in its approach to data collection and theory development. While traditional methods often start with existing theories that guide the research, grounded theory begins with data collection in the field, allowing the researchers to generate theories that are directly rooted in empirical evidence. This iterative process ensures that the developed theories are closely aligned with real-world experiences and complexities.
• Discuss the importance of theoretical sampling in grounded theory research and how it contributes to theory generation.
  • Theoretical sampling plays a crucial role in grounded theory research as it guides the data collection process based on the evolving theories being developed. Unlike random sampling methods, theoretical sampling focuses on selecting participants or data sources that will contribute most effectively to the refinement of the emerging theory. This targeted approach allows researchers to adapt their research direction dynamically, ensuring that they gather relevant insights that enhance the depth and richness of the resulting theoretical framework.
• Evaluate the effectiveness of grounded theory in generating substantive theories in nursing research, considering its unique methodological strengths.
  • Grounded theory is particularly effective in nursing research because it allows for the exploration of complex social interactions and processes inherent in patient care. Its methodological strengths lie in its flexibility and adaptability, enabling researchers to respond to emerging themes and insights from clinical settings. By focusing on generating theories grounded in real-world experiences, this approach can provide valuable insights into patient behaviors, caregiver interactions, and healthcare systems, ultimately enhancing practice and informing policy decisions.

Related terms

Qualitative Research: A research method focused on exploring and understanding the meaning individuals or groups ascribe to social or human problems, often involving interviews, focus groups, or observations.

Theoretical Sampling: A sampling method used in grounded theory where data collection is guided by the theory being developed, allowing researchers to refine and develop their theories as new data emerges.

Constant Comparative Method: A data analysis technique used in grounded theory where data is continuously compared with emerging categories and concepts to refine and develop the evolving theory.