A global optimum refers to the best possible solution to an optimization problem over the entire feasible region, meaning it is the minimum or maximum value of a function when all constraints are taken into account. This concept is crucial because it ensures that the solution found is the most effective overall, as opposed to merely a local optimum, which is only the best within a small neighborhood of points. Understanding the global optimum helps in determining not just a satisfactory solution but the best one across all possible scenarios.
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