Targeted cancer therapy

Definition

Targeted cancer therapy refers to a type of treatment that specifically targets cancer cells by focusing on the underlying genetic and molecular changes that fuel their growth. This approach aims to minimize damage to normal cells, leading to fewer side effects compared to traditional chemotherapy. It often involves the use of drugs or other substances that interfere with specific molecules involved in tumor growth and progression.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Targeted cancer therapies can be designed to block specific proteins or genes involved in cancer cell survival and proliferation.
2. Many targeted therapies have been developed based on the understanding of specific genetic mutations that are common in certain types of cancer.
3. Unlike traditional chemotherapy, which indiscriminately affects rapidly dividing cells, targeted therapies have a more selective action against cancer cells.
4. Some targeted therapies can also enhance the immune response against tumors by enabling the immune system to better recognize and destroy cancer cells.
5. Research is ongoing to discover new targets for therapy and to combine targeted treatments with other modalities like immunotherapy for improved effectiveness.

Review Questions

• How does targeted cancer therapy differ from traditional chemotherapy in terms of its mechanism and effects on healthy cells?
  • Targeted cancer therapy differs from traditional chemotherapy primarily in its mechanism of action and selectivity. While chemotherapy attacks all rapidly dividing cells, targeted therapy is designed to focus specifically on the molecular and genetic features unique to cancer cells. This selective targeting reduces collateral damage to healthy cells, leading to fewer side effects and improved patient quality of life during treatment.
• Discuss the role of biomarkers in the development and application of targeted cancer therapies.
  • Biomarkers play a crucial role in targeted cancer therapies as they provide insights into the genetic and molecular characteristics of tumors. By identifying specific biomarkers associated with particular cancers, clinicians can determine which patients are likely to benefit from specific targeted treatments. This not only enhances the effectiveness of the therapies but also minimizes unnecessary exposure to treatments that may not be effective for certain patients.
• Evaluate the potential future developments in targeted cancer therapy and their implications for precision medicine.
  • Future developments in targeted cancer therapy are expected to revolve around the discovery of new molecular targets and the integration of artificial intelligence in treatment personalization. As research advances, it is likely that more individualized approaches will emerge, allowing for combinations of therapies tailored specifically to a patient's unique tumor profile. This evolution could significantly improve treatment outcomes, reduce side effects, and lead to more effective strategies in managing various types of cancers within the realm of precision medicine.

Related terms

Monoclonal antibodies: Laboratory-produced molecules engineered to bind specifically to target antigens on cancer cells, marking them for destruction by the immune system.

Precision medicine: An innovative approach that tailors medical treatment to the individual characteristics of each patient, particularly their genetic makeup.

Biomarkers: Biological indicators, often at the molecular level, that can be used to identify the presence of cancer or predict treatment response.