Entablature

Definition

An entablature is a horizontal structure that rests on columns and serves as a major architectural feature in classical architecture, particularly in Neoclassical design. It typically consists of three main sections: the architrave, frieze, and cornice, each contributing to the overall aesthetic and structural support of the building. The entablature plays a critical role in defining the order and style of the columns beneath it.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Entablatures are a key component of classical orders, including Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian styles, with each order having its unique entablature design.
2. In Neoclassical architecture, entablatures often display symmetry and proportionality, reflecting the revival of classical ideals during this period.
3. The architrave is the lowest section of the entablature and directly rests on the capitals of columns, providing a base for the frieze above.
4. Decorative elements such as relief sculptures and motifs are commonly found in the frieze section of entablatures, adding narrative and artistic value to the structure.
5. Entablatures not only serve an aesthetic purpose but also provide structural integrity to buildings by distributing weight from the roof down through the columns.

Review Questions

• How does the design of an entablature reflect the characteristics of different classical architectural orders?
  • The design of an entablature is closely tied to the specific characteristics of classical architectural orders such as Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. Each order has distinct features in its entablature; for instance, Doric has a simpler and more robust appearance while Corinthian is elaborately decorated. This diversity showcases how architects used entablatures to convey different aesthetic values and cultural ideas associated with each order.
• Discuss how entablatures in Neoclassical architecture demonstrate a revival of classical ideals.
  • Entablatures in Neoclassical architecture exhibit a revival of classical ideals through their emphasis on symmetry, proportion, and adherence to ancient Greek and Roman designs. Architects sought to emulate the grandeur and clarity found in classical structures, which included well-defined entablatures that balanced elegance with functionality. The revival reflected broader cultural movements that valued antiquity and sought to integrate those principles into contemporary designs.
• Evaluate the role of entablatures in architectural composition and their impact on structural integrity within Neoclassical buildings.
  • Entablatures play a crucial role in architectural composition by acting as a visual link between columns and the roof while also enhancing aesthetic appeal. Their design impacts structural integrity by redistributing weight from above down through columns, ensuring stability. In Neoclassical buildings, well-constructed entablatures exemplify harmony between form and function, showcasing how design elements can serve both decorative and structural purposes in creating monumental structures.

Related terms

column: A vertical support structure that can be decorative or functional, often used in classical architecture to hold up entablatures.

frieze: The middle section of the entablature that often features decorative reliefs or inscriptions, enhancing the visual appeal of a building.

cornice: The uppermost part of the entablature that projects outwards, often used to protect the building from rain and add an ornamental finish.