Viking Age

Definition

The Viking Age refers to the period from approximately 793 to 1066 AD, marked by the expansion of Norse seafarers, known as Vikings, who raided, traded, and settled across Europe and beyond. This era is characterized by significant cultural exchanges and the spread of Norse mythology and traditions, which heavily influenced literature and religious beliefs during and after the time.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Viking Age began with the raid on Lindisfarne in 793 AD, which shocked Europe and marked the start of Viking incursions into Britain and beyond.
2. Vikings were not only raiders but also traders and explorers; they established trade routes that reached as far as Byzantium and North America.
3. Norse sagas and Eddas, which are important literary works from this period, reflect the values, beliefs, and experiences of Viking culture.
4. The end of the Viking Age is often associated with the Battle of Stamford Bridge in 1066, where the English defeated a Norwegian king, marking a decline in Viking influence.
5. Christianity began to spread in Scandinavia during this period, leading to significant cultural changes as pagan traditions began to mix with Christian beliefs.

Review Questions

• How did the Viking Age influence the spread of Norse mythology across Europe?
  • The Viking Age played a crucial role in spreading Norse mythology as Vikings traveled extensively for trade and raids throughout Europe. Their interactions with various cultures led to exchanges of stories, legends, and religious beliefs. This blending helped embed elements of Norse mythology into European folklore and literature, which persisted even after the decline of Viking influence.
• In what ways did the literary works produced during the Viking Age reflect the cultural values of Norse society?
  • Literary works from the Viking Age, such as sagas and Eddas, served as a reflection of Norse cultural values like bravery, honor, loyalty, and fate. These texts often highlighted heroic tales of gods and warriors facing challenges that embodied these ideals. Additionally, they provided insights into daily life, social structure, and the importance of kinship within Norse communities.
• Evaluate the significance of Viking trade routes established during the Viking Age on European economic development.
  • The establishment of Viking trade routes during the Viking Age had a profound impact on European economic development. By connecting various regions through trade, Vikings facilitated not only the exchange of goods but also ideas and cultures. The integration of Northern Europe into a broader trading network encouraged economic growth and laid foundations for future commerce across Europe. This interconnectedness contributed to emerging cities and marketplaces that would define European economies in the Middle Ages.

Related terms

Norse Mythology: The body of myths of the North Germanic peoples, stemming from Norse paganism and continuing after the Christianization of Scandinavia, often featuring gods like Odin, Thor, and Freyja.

Runes: The characters of the runic alphabets used by the Germanic peoples, including the Vikings, for writing inscriptions, often tied to magical or religious significance.

Longship: A type of ship used by the Vikings that was designed for speed and agility, allowing them to navigate both open seas and shallow rivers for trade and raids.