Realism

Definition

Realism is a literary movement that emerged in the 19th century, focusing on representing everyday life and society as it truly is, without embellishment or idealization. It emphasizes accuracy in portrayal, character development, and the depiction of social issues, often reflecting the struggles of ordinary people. In literature, realism contrasts with romanticism, which often idealizes its subjects and settings.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Realism gained prominence in literature after the decline of romanticism, particularly in France with authors like Gustave Flaubert and Honoré de Balzac.
2. The movement emphasized detailed descriptions of daily life and environments to create a sense of authenticity and relatability.
3. Realist writers often focused on the middle or lower classes, exploring their struggles against societal norms and economic hardships.
4. The use of everyday language and situations was common in realist literature, making it accessible to a broader audience.
5. Realism influenced later movements such as modernism, which continued to challenge traditional narrative forms while retaining a focus on character-driven stories.

Review Questions

• How did realism shift the focus of literature from romantic ideals to the representation of everyday life?
  • Realism shifted the focus of literature by moving away from the romantic ideals that glorified heroes and extraordinary events. Instead, it embraced the mundane aspects of life, portraying ordinary characters facing real challenges. This shift allowed writers to connect more deeply with readers by reflecting their own experiences and social realities.
• Discuss how realism's portrayal of social issues contributed to its significance in 19th-century literature.
  • Realism's portrayal of social issues made it significant in 19th-century literature because it addressed the complexities of human life amidst rapid societal changes. Authors used their works to critique social norms, such as class struggles and gender roles. By highlighting these issues, realist literature engaged readers in discussions about morality and justice in an evolving world.
• Evaluate the impact of realism on character development in 19th-century novels compared to earlier literary movements.
  • Realism had a profound impact on character development in 19th-century novels by prioritizing psychological depth and complexity over idealized portrayals found in earlier movements like romanticism. Realist authors created multi-dimensional characters whose thoughts, feelings, and motivations were rooted in their social contexts. This focus on authentic character experiences allowed readers to engage more meaningfully with the narratives and understand the broader social commentary embedded within them.

Related terms

Naturalism: A literary movement closely related to realism that seeks to depict life with scientific precision, often exploring how environment and heredity influence human behavior.

Social Critique: An examination of societal structures and norms, often addressed in realist literature to highlight issues like class disparity, moral dilemmas, and the human condition.

Characterization: The process by which authors create and develop characters, crucial in realism to portray authentic emotions and realistic responses to their circumstances.