Seventh Chord

Definition

A seventh chord is a four-note chord that consists of a root, third, fifth, and seventh interval stacked on top of each other. This chord adds depth and complexity to music by introducing tension and resolution, which are essential elements in harmony. Seventh chords can be categorized into different types such as major, minor, dominant, and diminished, each creating a distinct sound and function within a musical context.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. There are four main types of seventh chords: major seventh, minor seventh, dominant seventh, and diminished seventh, each with unique characteristics.
2. The dominant seventh chord is particularly important in tonal music because it creates strong tension that resolves to the tonic chord.
3. Seventh chords can be used in various inversions, which alters the bass note while maintaining the same chord structure.
4. In classical music, seventh chords often function as leading tones that guide the listener’s ear toward resolution.
5. Jazz and contemporary music frequently use altered seventh chords, which include added extensions like ninths or elevenths for richer harmonic textures.

Review Questions

• Compare and contrast the different types of seventh chords and their functions in music.
  • Seventh chords can be categorized into four main types: major seventh, minor seventh, dominant seventh, and diminished seventh. Major and minor sevenths provide a sense of color and depth to the harmony, often serving as extensions of triads. The dominant seventh chord creates significant tension that typically resolves to the tonic, making it crucial in tonal music. Diminished seventh chords add an element of instability and are frequently used to create transitions or resolve to other harmonies.
• Discuss the role of seventh chords in creating tension and resolution within a musical piece.
  • Seventh chords play a vital role in establishing tension and resolution in music by introducing dissonance that compels movement towards consonance. For example, the dominant seventh chord creates an expectation for resolution to the tonic chord, heightening emotional impact. This principle applies across genres; whether in classical compositions or jazz improvisation, the tension created by these chords enriches the overall musical narrative.
• Evaluate how the use of inversions of seventh chords can affect a chord progression's overall sound and flow.
  • Using inversions of seventh chords can significantly alter the sound and flow of a chord progression by changing which note is in the bass position. This shift can create smoother voice leading, allowing for more seamless transitions between chords. For instance, placing a third or fifth in the bass rather than the root can result in a more interesting harmonic texture and can also influence the emotional quality of the progression. By thoughtfully utilizing inversions, composers can enhance both the complexity and accessibility of their harmonic language.

Related terms

Triad: A triad is a three-note chord made up of a root, third, and fifth. It serves as the building block for more complex chords like seventh chords.

Tension and Resolution: Tension and resolution refer to the musical concept where dissonance creates a feeling of tension that is resolved by consonance, often highlighted by the use of seventh chords.

Chord Progression:

A chord progression is a sequence of chords played in succession. Seventh chords often play a critical role in creating smooth transitions and emotional depth in these progressions.