Pedal point

Definition

A pedal point is a sustained note, typically in the bass, that remains constant while harmonies change above it. This musical technique creates tension and contrast by juxtaposing a stable pitch against shifting chords, often leading to a sense of resolution when the harmonies finally align with the pedal point. Pedal points can enhance non-chord tones and contribute to the character of modes and synthetic scales.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Pedal points can be found in various musical styles and genres, including classical, jazz, and pop music.
2. They often occur in the bass line but can also appear in other voices or instrumental parts.
3. Pedal points can be used as a compositional device to build tension before resolving to a more stable harmonic area.
4. In modal music, pedal points can emphasize the unique character of the mode being employed, enhancing its emotional impact.
5. The effectiveness of a pedal point is greatly influenced by the changing harmonies above it, which can create varying degrees of tension and resolution.

Review Questions

• How does a pedal point interact with non-chord tones to create musical tension?
  • A pedal point serves as a sustained note while non-chord tones introduce dissonance against it. As harmonies change above the pedal point, the non-chord tones create moments of tension that stand out due to their contrast with the stable pedal. This interplay enhances the overall musical texture, making the eventual resolution to consonant notes even more impactful.
• Discuss how pedal points can be utilized in modal compositions and their effect on the music's emotional quality.
  • In modal compositions, pedal points can reinforce the distinctive qualities of the mode by providing a stable foundation over which modal harmonies unfold. This technique allows composers to explore different emotional landscapes tied to each mode, as the pedal point highlights specific intervals that define the modal character. By emphasizing these pitches, composers can evoke particular feelings and moods that resonate deeply with listeners.
• Evaluate the role of pedal points in shaping musical form and structure within larger compositions.
  • Pedal points play a significant role in shaping musical form and structure by creating moments of cohesion and contrast throughout a composition. They often act as thematic anchors that tie various sections together while also providing opportunities for development through shifting harmonies. By strategically placing pedal points at key moments, composers can manipulate tension and release within the work, guiding listeners through an emotional journey and enhancing the overall impact of the piece.

Related terms

Non-Chord Tones:

Notes that are not part of the chord being played at a given moment, creating dissonance and tension within a musical line.

Mode: A type of scale characterized by specific intervals and a unique tonal center, often influencing the mood and style of music.

Dissonance:

A combination of tones that creates a sense of tension or instability, often resolved by moving to consonant intervals.