Neapolitan Chords

Definition

Neapolitan chords are chromatic chords typically built on the lowered second scale degree, often notated as N or ♭II. These chords are commonly found in first inversion and serve as predominant chords, leading smoothly into the dominant chord. Their distinct sound adds richness and tension to harmonic progressions, making them a valuable tool in both classical and contemporary music composition.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Neapolitan chords are most commonly found in first inversion, which gives them a smooth voice leading into the dominant chord.
2. They are typically used in major keys but can also appear in minor keys, adding a unique flavor to harmonic progressions.
3. The Neapolitan chord often resolves to the dominant chord (V), creating a strong pull towards tonic.
4. In classical music, Neapolitan chords are frequently used in conjunction with modulation, enhancing dramatic shifts in key.
5. Their use is not limited to classical music; Neapolitan chords can be found in jazz and popular music, showcasing their versatility.

Review Questions

• How do Neapolitan chords function as predominant chords within harmonic progressions?
  • Neapolitan chords function as predominant chords by creating a sense of tension that resolves to the dominant chord (V). This tension enhances the overall emotional impact of the music. By being built on the lowered second scale degree, they prepare the listener for a resolution that feels satisfying and complete when moving to the dominant.
• In what ways do Neapolitan chords differ when used in major versus minor keys?
  • In major keys, Neapolitan chords provide a distinctive chromatic flavor that contrasts with diatonic harmony. They typically resolve to the dominant chord in both major and minor keys but can have different emotional implications. In minor keys, their use can create darker or more complex harmonic textures, allowing for varied resolutions and heightened expression.
• Evaluate how Neapolitan chords interact with other chromatic elements in harmonic progressions.
  • Neapolitan chords interact with other chromatic elements by enhancing harmonic color and complexity within progressions. They often work alongside augmented sixth chords or other chromatic mediants, adding layers of tension before resolving to traditional dominant functions. This interaction enriches the overall texture of the music, allowing composers to explore various emotional landscapes and tonal shifts.

Related terms

Diatonic Harmony: Harmony that is derived from the notes of a specific scale, where chords are formed using only the notes that belong to that scale.

Augmented Sixth Chords: Chords that typically contain the interval of an augmented sixth, usually resolving to the dominant chord, and often used to create tension similar to Neapolitan chords.

Predominant Function: A harmonic function that prepares the listener for the arrival of the dominant chord, which often includes chords like the Neapolitan and subdominant.